Confirmation by a competent body that learning outcomes (knowledge, skills and/or competences) acquired by an individual in a formal, non-formal or informal setting have been assessed against predefined criteria and are compliant with the requirements of a validation standard. Validation typically leads to certification. or Process of confirmation by an authorised body that an individual has acquired learning outcomes measured against a relevant standard. Validation consists of four distinct phases: -identification through dialogue of particular experiences of an individual; -documentation to make visible the individual’s experiences; -formal assessment of these experiences; and -certification of the results of the assessment which may lead to a partial or full qualification. Source: Cedefop, 2008; Council of the European Union, 2012.